Impact of Teacher Professional Education (PPG) on Teacher Professionalism: A Comparative Evidence‑Based Analysis

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of Pendidikan Profesi Guru (PPG) on teacher professionalism in Indonesia, drawing on over 15 empirical studies published between 2020 and 2025. The analysis reveals that PPG significantly enhances teacher competencies across four dimensions: pedagogical, professional, social, and personality. On average, teachers show a 28.9% to 30.7% improvement in pedagogical and professional competencies, with notable gains in curriculum implementation, self-confidence, and teacher professionalism. However, the effectiveness of PPG is influenced by several contextual factors, including institutional quality, participant motivation, and delivery modality (pre-service, in-service, and online). The study emphasizes the need for targeted interventions to optimize PPG’s impact, such as improving quality assurance systems, expanding access, and integrating theory with practical experience. The findings provide actionable recommendations to enhance PPG’s effectiveness, ensuring sustainable improvements in teacher quality and supporting the broader educational reforms in Indonesia.